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 Blood
Pressure Measurement Equipment
Blood pressure is an invasive technique, which measures the pressure of
circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels. The top or
first measurement is the systole. This is the measurement is the
pressure of the left ventricle of the heart.
The second measurement is the diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is
regularly used in any medical examination.
Arterial blood pressure is measured manually by use of a
sphygmomanometer, also referred to as a BP cuff. The cuff is placed
around the upper arm, at approximately the same height as the heart of
the patient. The cuff is inflated until the artery is closed. The
examiner listens with a stethoscope at the brachial artery located at
the elbow, and slowly releases the pressure in the cuff. The first
Korotkoff sound (pounding sound) is heard when the blood begins to
barely flow in the artery. At the beginning of this sound, the systolic
blood pressure is noted and recorded. The pressure in the cuff is
released further until no sound can be heard. This is referred to as the
fifth Korotkoff sound. The diastolic blood pressure is noted
and recorded.
Oscillometric measurement or NIPB for Non-Invasive Blood Pressure is
included in many patient bedside monitors. The NIPB depends on a cuff
similar to a sphygmomanometer.
The NIPB is connected to an electric pump and pressure transducer. Just
like the sphygmomanometer, the NIPB cuff is placed on the upper arm. The
cuff is then automatically inflated. As pressure is slowly released, the
systolic and diastolic pressures
are calculated.
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